Georgia is a beautiful state with several diverse ecosystems and unique species native to the area. However, there are some non-native species that could disrupt and overwhelm these populations if they continue to proliferate. The Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health defines invasive species as species whose introduction to exotic environments could cause harm to the environment, economy, or human health in that new area.
1. Joro spiders (Trichonephila clavata)
Despite their frightening size and appearance, joro spiders are relatively shy and not a danger to humans, according to a study from the University of Georgia . However, the spider native to East Asia could cause harm to native pollinators as it continues to spread throughout the southeastern United States. The males are small and dull in color, but female joro spiders are identifiable for their yellow and black striped legs, as well as their bright yellow markings on their abdomen. They can grow up to 3 inches across as adults.
2. Argentine black and white tegus (Salvator merianae)
Tegus are lizards that are most prolific in Florida, but a few breeding pairs have been seen in counties in Georgia, according to sighting reports from the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. These lizards can grow up to four feet long and eat the eggs of reptiles and birds that are native to Georgia, posing a risk to their populations. In addition to their large size, tegus have short legs and black and white spot coloration.
3. Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica)
The United States Department of Agriculture has created a handbook on how to handle these invasive pests! Japanese beetles can destroy root systems and strip down foliage with no natural predators to keep them in check. However, there are some native lookalikes native to the United States like the green june beetle, so it’s important to be certain before grabbing the pesticide. Japanese beetles can be distinguished by their copper wing covers, white spots on the abdomen, and oval shape.
4. Red lionfish (Pterois volitans)
Moving on to the aquatic environments of the state, the Atlantic coast has encountered a problem with venomous lionfish from the Pacific. Their bright red and white coloration may seem disadvantageous for hiding from predators, but they use their bright coloration and large fins as a warning. The stings from the venomous spines on their fins are dangerous to humans, but lionfish are perfectly edible once they are removed. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has even suggested eating lionfish in an effort to reduce their impact on reefs.
5. Island applesnail (Pomacea maculata)
While seeing their clusters of bright pink eggs near freshwater may be exciting, you should do everything you can to destroy them. Island apple snails are native to South America, but they cause serious damage to crops in the United States. The USDA also warns that they can carry rat lungworm, which is a disease that is transmittable to humans. Apart from the bright pink egg clusters, apple snails can be identified by a golden yellow to dark brown shell with dark banding.
